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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Laplace's demon ： ウィキペディア英語版 Laplace's demon In the history of science, Laplace's demon was the first published articulation of causal or scientific determinism by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1814. According to determinism, if someone (the Demon) knows the precise location and momentum of every atom in the universe, their past and future values for any given time are entailed; they can be calculated from the laws of classical mechanics.〔Pierre-Simon Laplace, "(A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities )" (full text).〕 ==English translation== This intellect is often referred to as ''Laplace's demon'' (and sometimes ''Laplace's Superman'', after Hans Reichenbach). Laplace himself did not use the word "demon", which was a later embellishment. As translated into English above, he simply referred to: ''"Une intelligence... Rien ne serait incertain pour elle, et l'avenir, comme le passé, serait présent à ses yeux."'' Apparently, Laplace was not the first to evoke one such demon and strikingly similar passages can be found decades before Laplace's ''Essai philosophique'' in the work of scholars such as Nicolas de Condorcet and Baron D'Holbach.〔Marij van Strien, "On the origins and foundations of Laplacian determinism", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 45 (2014) 24-31 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368113001325〕 However, it seems that the first who offered the image of a super-powerful calculating intelligence was Roger Joseph Boscovich, whose formulation of the principle of determinism in his 1758 ''Theoria philosophiae naturalis'' turns out not only to be temporally prior to Laplace's but also—being founded on fewer metaphysical principles and more rooted in and elaborated by physical assumptions—to be more precise, complete and comprehensive than Laplace's somewhat parenthetical statement of the doctrine.〔Boris Kožnjak, "Who let the demon out? Laplace and Boscovich on determinism", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 51 (2015) 42-52 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368115000370〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laplace's demon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.